m3470 发表于 2016-12-17 21:54:55

洛必达法则还是伯努利法则

洛必达是法国中世纪的王公贵族,他喜欢并且酷爱数学,后拜伯努利为师学习数学。但洛必达法则并非洛必达本人研究。实际上,洛必达法则是洛必达的老师伯努利的学术论文,由于当时伯努利境遇困顿,生活困难,而学生洛必达又是王公贵族,洛必达表示愿意用财物换取伯努利的学术论文,伯努利也欣然接受。此篇论文即为影响数学界的洛必达法则。在洛必达死后,伯努利宣称洛必达法则是自己的研究成果,但欧洲的数学家并不认可,他们认为洛必达的行为是正常的物物交换,因此否认了伯努利的说法。

事实上,科研成果本来就可以买卖,洛必达也确实是个有天分的数学学习者,只是比伯努利等人稍逊一筹。洛必达花费了大量的时间精力整理这些买来的和自己研究出来的成果,编著出世界上第一本微积分教科书,使数学广为传播。并且他在此书前言中向莱布尼兹和伯努利郑重致谢,特别是约翰·伯努利。这是一个值得尊敬的学者和传播者,他为这项事业贡献了自己的一生。

m3470 发表于 2016-12-17 21:55:16

L'Hôpital controversy       

Bernoulli was hired by Guillaume de l'Hôpital for tutoring in mathematics. Bernoulli and l'Hôpital signed a contract which gave l'Hôpital the right to use Bernoulli’s discoveries as he pleased. L'Hôpital authored the first textbook on infinitesimal calculus, Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes in 1696, which mainly consisted of the work of Bernoulli, including what is now known as l'Hôpital's rule.

Subsequently, in letters to Leibniz, Varignon and others, Bernoulli complained that he had not received enough credit for his contributions, in spite of the fact that l'Hôpital acknowledged fully his debt in the preface of his book:

"Je reconnais devoir beaucoup aux lumières de MM. Bernoulli, surtout à celles du jeune (Jean) présentement professeur à Groningue. Je me suis servi sans façon de leurs découvertes et de celles de M. Leibniz. C'est pourquoi je consens qu'ils en revendiquent tout ce qu'il leur plaira, me contentant de ce qu'ils voudront bien me laisser."

"I recognize I owe much to the insights of the Messrs. Bernoulli, especially to those of the young (John), currently a professor in Groningen. I did unceremoniously use their discoveries, as well as those of Mr. Leibniz. For this reason I consent that they claim as much credit as they please, and will content myself with what they will agree to leave me."

crazypeanut 发表于 2016-12-18 00:16:50

这个问题,就讲两点

1. 当时在洛必达死后,伯努利公布契约书也好,现在的观点也好,全部都是盖棺定论,名称是洛必达法则,发明人是洛必达,除了伯努利的后人,全世界没有任何异议

2. 伯努利的做法在当时看来是非常不地道的,因为欧洲非常讲契约精神,而且契约书真实有效,用现在的语言来说,伯努利在当时甚至被列入了失信者名单遭人唾弃 :lol

m3470 发表于 2016-12-18 12:08:10

crazypeanut 发表于 2016-12-18 00:16
这个问题,就讲两点

1. 当时在洛必达死后,伯努利公布契约书也好,现在的观点也好,全部都是盖棺定论,名 ...

大侠高见,昨天看最速降线与悬链线的历史看到这个段子,写出来供大家一乐
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