机械荟萃山庄

 找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

搜索
热搜: 活动 交友 discuz
查看: 655|回复: 7

【杂说】石油炼制(一)

[复制链接]
发表于 2023-10-18 23:01:14 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

写个系列,算杂说。
假设一个场景,关于石油炼制,人家让随便说几句。
人,情绪动物,交谈体验么,当然希望和风细雨,讲究逻辑连贯,表达上短句为主。

================分=============割=============线============

说石油炼制,当先从原油说起。原油品质有好有坏,有非常多的评价指标。
能说得上的评价指标,硫含量,API重度,馏分,碳数,UOP指数。

================分=============割=============线============
掏出纸笔,要连说带画了。

硫含量这个指标,主要是加工过程中考虑到设备腐蚀,NACE有专门的选材资料,当然硫含量越低越好。
低硫,S<0.5%
含硫,0.5<S<2%
高硫,S>2%

================分=============割=============线============
API重度,其实跟原油密度关联,有公式,手写上,
API=141.5/d^15.6_15.6-131.5。
d^15.6_15.6,解释一下,相对密度,油品15.6℃密度与水15.6℃密度之比。
为什么15.6℃?因为华氏60转过来的,老外的标准。
有计算器的掏出计算器,没计算器的,掏出手机,(60-32)/1.8=15.556,近似15.6℃。

API重度的用途,新闻上常听到的轻质,重质原油以其区分。
特稠,API<10
重质,10<=API<20
中质,20<=API<35
轻质,35<=API<50
超轻,API>50

================分=============割=============线============
原油,非常复杂的混合物,不同组分的沸点不同,用途也不一样。所以按不同的蒸馏方法,进行切割,可以得到各个馏分。
三个蒸馏方法,ASTM D86恩氏蒸馏, EFV平衡蒸馏,TBP实沸点蒸馏,数据可以相互转换。
大体的温度范围,
石脑油馏分,IBP~180(200)℃,IBP=Initial  Bubble Point
常压瓦斯油馏分AGO,180(200)~350℃,AGO=Atmosphere Gas Oil
减压馏分VGO,350~500℃, VGO=Vacuum Gas Oil
减压渣油VR,>500℃,VR=Vacuum Residual
常压渣油AR,>350℃,AR=Atmoshpere Oil

================分=============割=============线============
按碳数划分,
气体馏分,一般C1~C4
汽油馏分,一般C5~C10
煤柴油馏分, 一般C11~C20
减压瓦斯油馏分,一般C21~C35
减压渣油,一般>C36

================分=============割=============线============
UOP指数,也叫做Waston指数,是UOP公司,就是环球油品,弄的一个系数,与平均沸点,密度有关。

按关键馏分分类,在250~275℃,395~425℃作为第一和第二关键馏分,根据密度,UOP指数或者API重度,将馏分判断为石蜡基,中间基和环烷基。
根据第一,第二关键馏分的不同组合,将原油划分为石蜡基,中间基和环烷基及其组合。
区分界限?记不住,不好意思了。

================分=============割=============线============
结束。

评分

参与人数 2威望 +6 收起 理由
leftwall + 3 赞一个!
零件工程师 + 3 很给力!

查看全部评分

回复

使用道具 举报

0

主题

283

帖子

6345

积分

论坛元老

Rank: 8Rank: 8

积分
6345
发表于 2023-10-19 08:50:07 | 显示全部楼层
牛逼,波塞冬也进炼化了?

点评

跟着维修混,三天饿九顿,顿顿吃不饱,还要挨钢棍。  发表于 2023-10-19 10:14
回复 支持 2 反对 0

使用道具 举报

9637

主题

4万

帖子

25万

积分

管理员

Rank: 9Rank: 9Rank: 9

积分
252625
发表于 2023-10-18 23:14:37 | 显示全部楼层
哈哈,不错,还有几个指数你需要熟悉,

现在这样不行,哈哈,无法坐台,只有具备坐台的能力,才有饭,炼化非常残酷的,

李爷问你几个问题,怎么评定适合玩乙烯?怎么考量是FCC划算还是加氢裂化划算,具体原油指标如何啊?希望没有噎住你,

最后一个问题,付你8500米身价,敢签多少天?哈哈,你看老汉人见钱眼开吧!关键到这个场合了,就尿,再也不敢开口说,在京沪不能买房了,而是跑路了,

油!是个粗糙行业,没错,问题是,面特别光,包括机械,液压,电控,非常广泛,而银子巨多,
回复 支持 1 反对 0

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2023-10-19 10:08:50 | 显示全部楼层
2266998 发表于 2023-10-18 23:14
哈哈,不错,还有几个指数你需要熟悉,

现在这样不行,哈哈,无法坐台,只有具备坐台的能力,才有饭,炼化 ...

嘿嘿,噎住了,水平不够,这个首先承认。
坐台,不敢想,8500米,这个真接不住,会被砸死,有自知之明。

本质是确定炼厂工艺路线。

乙烯,基础化工原料,炼厂走燃料—化工路线,石脑油高温热裂解,200度以下馏分收率越高,效益越好。

FCC与加氢裂化,都是重质油轻化工艺,提高原料利用率。
FCC,原料直馏馏分油,能掺入一部分渣油,渣油利用率低,工艺条件要求不高;
加氢,有馏分油加氢和渣油加氢,渣油利用率相对高,高温高压,工艺条件苛刻,设备投资非常高。

具体原油指标,关系到成本收益,属于技术经济分析,就是写可研了。
啥资金成本,产出值,盈亏平衡,劳动效率,市场不确定,设备更新折旧,一大堆的东西,这个目前弄不来。

点评

挺好的  发表于 2023-10-19 10:23
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

0

主题

1

帖子

35

积分

新手上路

Rank: 1

积分
35
发表于 2023-10-25 10:35:19 | 显示全部楼层

Different Android Improvement Software: A Game-Changer in Smartphone Maintenance

In today's technology-driven time, smartphones have fit an compelling part of our lives. Among the sundry operating systems present, Android dominates the hawk with its simple interface and colossal app ecosystem. Extent, as these devices era, they much meet gig issues and glitches that can hold back the drug experience. To speech this growing affair, a extremist Android repair software has emerged, oblation a complete clarification to optimize and revive struggling devices.

Developed nearby a gang of experts, this formidable software boasts a encyclopedic gamut of exciting features designed to determine and organize Android devices' average issues. With an intuitive interface, metrical users with restricted industrial knowledge can handily sail be means of the software and optimize their smartphones' performance.

Joke of the standout features of this renew software is its wit to pinpoint and eliminate superfluous experience processes and junk files that tend to accumulate over days, significantly impacting thingumajig speed. Nearby doing so, the software considerably enhances the ruse's overall interpretation, ensuring smoother manoeuvre and reducing lag.

Additionally, this innovative software also provides users with the functionality to depollute up and unstinting valuable сторидж space on their Android devices. With a honest click, users can uninstall unwanted applications, expunge store and residuary files, and dispose of bloatware that often comes pre-installed on smartphones. This drawn in not merely enhances сторидж genius but also contributes to speeding up the contrivance, delivering an optimized user experience.

To boot, the adjustment software includes a wide virus scanner that detects and eliminates malware, spyware, and other malicious programs that may compromise text asylum and coat of arms performance. By regularly scanning Android devices, users can look after their personal news and ensure their smartphones yard smoothly and efficiently.

In annex to its troubleshooting capabilities, this Android repair arduino ide download  also offers advanced features that can optimize battery life. Through analyzing battery tradition patterns and identifying power-hungry apps, the software empowers users to away control of their device's dynamism consumption. By closing unneeded applications and adjusting arrangement settings, users can continue their gimmick's battery life, allowing for more uninterrupted practice throughout the day.

Furthermore, this renew software provides users with an elementary backup and restoration feature. In the as it of undesigned statistics breakdown or a device malfunction, users can effortlessly produce a backup of their important files, contacts, messages, and app evidence, avoiding the potential heartache of losing essential information. This additional layer of safe keeping serves as a valuable insurance tactics, giving Android users peaceableness of mind.

Recognizing the account of software updates, this put back in software ensures users are every time meet the latest kind of Android. Next to regularly scanning in support of modus operandi updates and offering expedient prompts for institution, the software enables users to benefit from the latest features and guarantee enhancements, guaranteeing optimal performance.

Confirmed the ever-increasing prevalence of smartphones in our daily lives, discovery an affordable and unwasteful mixture to talk to Android issues has befit a necessity. This innovative repair software offers a cost-effective selection to overpriced repairs or steady purchasing a modish device. By way of breathing experimental person into aging smartphones, users can safeguard money and powder electronic put away, making it an environmentally palsy-walsy choice.

In conclusion, this groundbreaking Android put software represents a game-changer in the bailiwick of smartphone maintenance. With its prodigious array of features, including performance optimization, сторидж cleaning, virus scanning, battery command, backup and restoration, and seamless system updates, users can prolong the lifespan of their Android devices and profit from a seamless and efficient user experience. As technology continues to evolve, solutions like this repair software illustrate the astounding strides мейд in enhancing the engagement and longevity of smartphones, enabling users to make heads the most in of their Android devices.

Revolutionary Android Repair Software: A Game-Changer in Smartphone Continuance 311136f  
https://independent.academia.edu/KahnKure1
https://hindi-wikiprocedure.co.in/index.php?title=345678910ThreeFourFiveSixSevenEightNineTen-CutThroat-tag-Tactics-That-Never-Fails-i

点评

Hello, I don't have one android cellphone and I don't believe your virus software.  发表于 2023-10-25 14:46
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

QQ|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|机械荟萃山庄 ( 辽ICP备16011317号-1 )

GMT+8, 2024-5-12 11:31 , Processed in 0.113000 second(s), 21 queries , Gzip On.

Powered by Discuz! X3.4 Licensed

Copyright © 2001-2021, Tencent Cloud.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表